COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
Construction Style Based On: English Renaissance, Dutch & German Architecture
Some Famous Monuments Of This Architectural Style: Parliament House, President's House, Connaught Place
The architectural styles of the British period in
Delhi are represented by the Central Secretariat,
Parliament House or the 'Sansad Bhavan' and the President's House or
Rashtrapati Bhavan, formerly the British viceroy's house combine the best
features of the modern English school of architecture with traditional
Indian forms.
In the post independence era, public buildings in Delhi began to show a
utilitarian bias and a search for a synthesis of Indian and Western
styles; the attempt, however, has not always been successful, as is
evident from the Supreme Court building, the Science Building, which is a
conference hall and the government ministries.
The Children's Building representing a children's centre and Rabindra
Building, a fine arts centre show a trend toward a new style, using modern
materials. Along the Yamuna riverfront, memorials set in flowering gardens
have been built for such 20th century national leaders as Mahatma Gandhi -
Raj Ghat, Jawaharlal Nehru - Shanti Vana, and Lal Bahadur Shastri - Vijay
Ghat.
The British followed various architectural styles - Gothic, Imperial,
Christian, English Renaissance and Victorian being the essentials.
In 1911 King George V passed an order declaring that the capital would be
moved from Calcutta
to Delhi. The city was planned systematically,
combining 20th century architecture. Sir Edward Lutyens was responsible
for the overall plan of Delhi, and his tour de forte is Rajpath,
approached by a 3.2-km long road flanked by the imposing buildings of the
two Secretariats, which were built by Herbert Baker.
The Rashtrapati Bhawan is built of brown stone and is truly an
appropriate home for the President of the second largest democracy in the
world. Yet, it wasn't Lutyens or Bakers, who built the rest of Delhi, as
it's commonly believed. Most if its structures were designed by an unknown
Englishman called Robert Tor Tussell, who built Connaught Place, Eastern
and Western Courts, Flagstaff House, where Jawaharlal Nehru lived later on
and the thousands of public buildings, post offices, officer's bungalows
and public buildings.
St Martin's Garrison Church is the final British piece of architecture
and one of the most important ones because it represents the end of a
search for a definitive style of over 200 years. Looming out of the ground
and made of three and a half million red bricks, the
Church is a huge monolith with a high square
tower and deeply sunken window ledges, exquisitely reminding of Dutch and
German architecture.
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